Django 1.0 在某些地方与 0.96 版本是不兼容的。
这个指南会帮助你把 0.96 的项目和应用移植到 1.0 版本。本文档的第一部分包含了需要运行在 1.0上的常见变更。如果通过了第一部分的变更，你的代码依然无法运行，那么请检查 Less-common Changes 不常见的变更部分中列出的兼容问题。
参见
文档 1.0 版本注意事项。这份文档更深入地解释了 1.0 中新的特性；移植指南更多考虑了帮助你快速更新你的代码。
本部分描述了 0.96 与 1.0 之间的变更，这些变更都是大部分用户会做的事情。
逐字地把字符串 ('foo') 变成 Unicode 字符串 (u'foo')。Django 目前从始至终贯穿地使用 Unicode 字符集字符串。在绝大多数地方，生食字符串会继续有效，但更新成 Unicode 字符串会防止某些含糊的问题出现。
查阅 Unicode 数据 文档了解细节。
对于你的模型文件中常见的变更：
maxlength 重命名为 max_length¶把你的 maxlength 参数名变成 max_length (这次参数名的变更是为了与表单区域保持一致)：
__unicode__ 代替 __str__¶使用 __unicode__ 方法替换你的模型中的 __str__ 函数，然后才能确保你使用 使用 Unicode 字符集 (u'foo') 中所介绍的方法。
prepopulated_from¶删除模型区域中 prepopulated_from 参数。这个参数不再合法，而且已经转移到管理员 admin.py 模块里的 ModelAdmin 类中去了。查阅 `管理员`_内容了解更多对管理员变更的细节。
core¶删除你的模型区域里的 core 参数。这个参数不再需要了，因为相同功能 (参考 行内编辑) 目前已经由后台接口做出不同地处理。你不用再担心行内编辑，除非你在 管理员 部分才考虑行内编辑。目前，删除所有对 core 参数的指向。
admin.py 替换 class Admin:¶从你的模型里移除所有嵌入 class Admin 管理员类声明。如果你保留这种类的话，不会对任何有影响，但也不会起任何作用。要注册应用程序管理员，你要把这种类的声明移到 admin.py 管理员模块文件里；查看 管理员 内容了解更多细节。
参见
对 djangosnippets 做出的贡献者已经写了一个脚本会 扫描你的 models.py 模型模块后生成一个相应的 admin.py 管理员模块。
下面的一个例子 models.py 模型文件含有所有你需要做出的变更：
老版本 (0.96) models.py:
class Author(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(maxlength=30)
last_name = models.CharField(maxlength=30)
slug = models.CharField(maxlength=60, prepopulate_from=('first_name', 'last_name'))
class Admin:
list_display = ['first_name', 'last_name']
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
新版本 (1.0) models.py:
class Author(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
slug = models.CharField(max_length=60)
def __unicode__(self):
return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
新版本 (1.0) ``admin.py``管理员模块:
from django.contrib import admin
from models import Author
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['first_name', 'last_name']
prepopulated_fields = {
'slug': ('first_name', 'last_name')
}
admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)
在 1.0 版本中最具挑战性的新管理员功能问题之一。Django 管理接口 (django.contrib.admin) 管理员功能已经完全重构了；许多管理员定义目前都完全从许多模型定义中解构出来，许多框架都重写后使用 Django 的新表单处理库，而且重新设计成具有扩展和自定义能力。
实际中，意味着你要重写所有你的 class Admin 管理员类声明。你已经在上面的 models 中见过了如何替换你的 class Admin 管理员类，就是在 admin.py 管理员模块文件中用一个 admin.site.register() 管理员网页注册调用来替代。下面这些都是一些更详细的如何重写 Admin 管理员声明类的新句法。
新的 edit_inline 行内编辑选项都已经移到 admin.py 管理员模块中了。下面有一个例子：
老版本 (0.96):
class Parent(models.Model):
...
class Child(models.Model):
parent = models.ForeignKey(Parent, edit_inline=models.STACKED, num_in_admin=3)
新版本 (1.0):
class ChildInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Child
extra = 3
class ParentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
model = Parent
inlines = [ChildInline]
admin.site.register(Parent, ParentAdmin)
查阅 InlineModelAdmin 对象 管理员行内文档了解更多细节。
fields，或使用 fieldsets¶老的 fields 句法是非常迷糊的，而且已经被简化过。老的句法依然有效，但你要使用 fieldsets 来代替老旧句法。
老版本 (0.96):
class ModelOne(models.Model):
...
class Admin:
fields = (
(None, {'fields': ('foo','bar')}),
)
class ModelTwo(models.Model):
...
class Admin:
fields = (
('group1', {'fields': ('foo','bar'), 'classes': 'collapse'}),
('group2', {'fields': ('spam','eggs'), 'classes': 'collapse wide'}),
)
新版本 (1.0):
class ModelOneAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('foo', 'bar')
class ModelTwoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
('group1', {'fields': ('foo','bar'), 'classes': 'collapse'}),
('group2', {'fields': ('spam','eggs'), 'classes': 'collapse wide'}),
)
参见
urls.py 模块¶如果你正在使用后台界面，你需要更新你的根路径``urls.py`` 模块。
老版本 (0.96) urls.py:
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
# ... the rest of your URLs here ...
)
新版本 (1.0) urls.py:
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
# The next two lines enable the admin and load each admin.py file:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^admin/(.*)', admin.site.root),
# ... the rest of your URLs here ...
)
django.forms 来代替 newforms 用法¶用 django.forms 来替换 django.newforms 用法 -- Django 1.0 版本重命名了 newforms 模块名 (曾用在 0.96 版本的名字) 采用以前用过的 forms 名字。而 oldforms 模块也会被移除。
如果你已经使用 newforms 库的话，而且你采用了我们所建议的 import 导入语句句法，那么所有你要做的就是改变一下你的导入依据即可。
老版本:
from django import newforms as forms
新版本:
from django import forms
如果你正在使用老的表单系统 (正规的名字是 django.forms 和 django.oldforms)，那么你要重写你的表单。良好地开始就是从阅读 表单文档 内容
代替上传文件的用法 -- 那就是，采用 request.FILES 文件请求入口 -- 与含有 UploadedFile 文件上传类的简单字典一样。老的字典句法不再有效了。
因此，看起来就像:
def my_view(request):
f = request.FILES['file_field_name']
...
...你需要做出如下变更：
| 老版本 (0.96) | 新版本 (1.0) |
|---|---|
f['content'] |
f.read() |
f['filename'] |
f.name |
f['content-type'] |
f.content_type |
The internal implementation of django.db.models.FileField have changed.
A visible result of this is that the way you access special attributes (URL,
filename, image size, etc.) of these model fields has changed. You will need to
make the following changes, assuming your model's
FileField is called myfile:
| 老版本 (0.96) | 新版本 (1.0) |
|---|---|
myfile.get_content_filename() |
myfile.content.path |
myfile.get_content_url() |
myfile.content.url |
myfile.get_content_size() |
myfile.content.size |
myfile.save_content_file() |
myfile.content.save() |
myfile.get_content_width() |
myfile.content.width |
myfile.get_content_height() |
myfile.content.height |
Note that the width and height attributes only make sense for
ImageField fields. More details can be found in the
model API documentation.
Paginator instead of ObjectPaginator¶The ObjectPaginator in 0.96 has been removed and replaced with an improved
version, django.core.paginator.Paginator.
By default, the template system now automatically HTML-escapes the output of every variable. To learn more, see 自动 HTML 转义.
To disable auto-escaping for an individual variable, use the safe
filter:
This will be escaped: {{ data }}
This will not be escaped: {{ data|safe }}
To disable auto-escaping for an entire template, wrap the template (or just a
particular section of the template) in the autoescape tag:
{% autoescape off %}
... unescaped template content here ...
{% endautoescape %}
The following changes are smaller, more localized changes. They should only affect more advanced users, but it's probably worth reading through the list and checking your code for these things.
**kwargs to any registered signal handlers.Signal object instead of through module methods in
django.dispatch.dispatcher.Anonymous and Any sender options; they no longer
exist. You can still receive signals sent by any sender by using
sender=Nonedjango.dispatch.Signal instead of anonymous objects.Here's quick summary of the code changes you'll need to make:
| 老版本 (0.96) | 新版本 (1.0) |
|---|---|
def callback(sender) |
def callback(sender, **kwargs) |
sig = object() |
sig = django.dispatch.Signal() |
dispatcher.connect(callback, sig) |
sig.connect(callback) |
dispatcher.send(sig, sender) |
sig.send(sender) |
dispatcher.connect(callback, sig, sender=Any) |
sig.connect(callback, sender=None) |
If you were using Django 0.96's django.contrib.comments app, you'll need to
upgrade to the new comments app introduced in 1.0. See the upgrade guide
for details.
django.contrib.localflavor.usa has been renamed to
django.contrib.localflavor.us. This change was made to match the naming
scheme of other local flavors. To migrate your code, all you need to do is
change the imports.
SessionBase.get_new_session_key() has been renamed to
_get_new_session_key(). get_new_session_object() no longer exists.
save()¶Previously, loading a row automatically ran the model's save() method. This
is no longer the case, so any fields (for example: timestamps) that were
auto-populated by a save() now need explicit values in any fixture.
The old EnvironmentError has split into an
ImportError when Django fails to find the settings module
and a RuntimeError when you try to reconfigure settings
after having already used them.
LOGIN_URL has moved¶The LOGIN_URL constant moved from django.contrib.auth into the
settings module. Instead of using from django.contrib.auth import
LOGIN_URL refer to settings.LOGIN_URL.
APPEND_SLASH behavior has been updated¶In 0.96, if a URL didn't end in a slash or have a period in the final
component of its path, and APPEND_SLASH was True, Django would
redirect to the same URL, but with a slash appended to the end. Now, Django
checks to see whether the pattern without the trailing slash would be matched
by something in your URL patterns. If so, no redirection takes place, because
it is assumed you deliberately wanted to catch that pattern.
For most people, this won't require any changes. Some people, though, have URL patterns that look like this:
r'/some_prefix/(.*)$'
Previously, those patterns would have been redirected to have a trailing slash. If you always want a slash on such URLs, rewrite the pattern as:
r'/some_prefix/(.*/)$'
get()¶Managers now return a MultipleObjectsReturned
exception instead of AssertionError:
老版本 (0.96):
try:
Model.objects.get(...)
except AssertionError:
handle_the_error()
新版本 (1.0):
try:
Model.objects.get(...)
except Model.MultipleObjectsReturned:
handle_the_error()
LazyDate has been fired¶The LazyDate helper class no longer exists.
Default field values and query arguments can both be callable objects, so
instances of LazyDate can be replaced with a reference to datetime.datetime.now:
老版本 (0.96):
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(maxlength=100)
published = models.DateField(default=LazyDate())
新版本 (1.0):
import datetime
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
published = models.DateField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
DecimalField is new, and FloatField is now a proper float¶老版本 (0.96):
class MyModel(models.Model):
field_name = models.FloatField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=3)
...
新版本 (1.0):
class MyModel(models.Model):
field_name = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=3)
...
If you forget to make this change, you will see errors about FloatField
not taking a max_digits attribute in __init__, because the new
FloatField takes no precision-related arguments.
If you're using MySQL or PostgreSQL, no further changes are needed. The
database column types for DecimalField are the same as for the old
FloatField.
If you're using SQLite, you need to force the database to view the
appropriate columns as decimal types, rather than floats. To do this, you'll
need to reload your data. Do this after you have made the change to using
DecimalField in your code and updated the Django code.
警告
Back up your database first!
For SQLite, this means making a copy of the single file that stores the
database (the name of that file is the DATABASE_NAME in your
settings.py file).
To upgrade each application to use a DecimalField, you can do the
following, replacing <app> in the code below with each app's name:
$ ./manage.py dumpdata --format=xml <app> > data-dump.xml
$ ./manage.py reset <app>
$ ./manage.py loaddata data-dump.xml
注意：
DecimalField is not used in any of the apps shipped with Django prior
to this change being made, so you do not need to worry about performing
this procedure for any of the standard Django models.If something goes wrong in the above process, just copy your backed up database file over the original file and start again.
django.views.i18n.set_language() now requires a POST request¶Previously, a GET request was used. The old behavior meant that state (the locale used to display the site) could be changed by a GET request, which is against the HTTP specification's recommendations. Code calling this view must ensure that a POST request is now made, instead of a GET. This means you can no longer use a link to access the view, but must use a form submission of some kind (e.g. a button).
_() is no longer in builtins¶_() (the callable object whose name is a single underscore) is no longer
monkeypatched into builtins -- that is, it's no longer available magically in
every module.
If you were previously relying on _() always being present, you should now
explicitly import ugettext or ugettext_lazy, if appropriate, and alias
it to _ yourself:
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
HttpRequest¶HttpRequest objects no longer directly support dictionary-style
access; previously, both GET and POST data were directly
available on the HttpRequest object (e.g., you could check for a
piece of form data by using if 'some_form_key' in request or by
reading request['some_form_key']. This is no longer supported; if
you need access to the combined GET and POST data, use
request.REQUEST instead.
It is strongly suggested, however, that you always explicitly look in
the appropriate dictionary for the type of request you expect to
receive (request.GET or request.POST); relying on the combined
request.REQUEST dictionary can mask the origin of incoming data.
HTTPResponse headers¶django.http.HttpResponse.headers has been renamed to _headers and
HttpResponse now supports containment checking directly.
So use if header in response: instead of if header in response.headers:.
The generic relation classes -- GenericForeignKey and GenericRelation
-- have moved into the django.contrib.contenttypes module.
django.test.Client.login() has changed¶老版本 (0.96):
from django.test import Client
c = Client()
c.login('/path/to/login','myuser','mypassword')
新版本 (1.0):
# ... same as above, but then:
c.login(username='myuser', password='mypassword')
django.core.management has been greatly refactored.
Calls to management services in your code now need to use
call_command. For example, if you have some test code that calls flush and
load_data:
from django.core import management
management.flush(verbosity=0, interactive=False)
management.load_data(['test_data'], verbosity=0)
...you'll need to change this code to read:
from django.core import management
management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
management.call_command('loaddata', 'test_data', verbosity=0)
django-admin.py and manage.py now require subcommands to precede
options. So:
$ django-admin.py --settings=foo.bar runserver
...no longer works and should be changed to:
$ django-admin.py runserver --settings=foo.bar
Feed.__init__ has changed¶The __init__() method of the syndication framework's Feed class now
takes an HttpRequest object as its second parameter, instead of the feed's
URL. This allows the syndication framework to work without requiring the sites
framework. This only affects code that subclasses Feed and overrides the
__init__() method, and code that calls Feed.__init__() directly.
SortedDictFromList is gone¶django.newforms.forms.SortedDictFromList was removed.
django.utils.datastructures.SortedDict can now be instantiated with
a sequence of tuples.
To update your code:
django.utils.datastructures.SortedDict wherever you were
using django.newforms.forms.SortedDictFromList.django.utils.datastructures.SortedDict.copy doesn't
return a deepcopy as SortedDictFromList.copy() did, you will need
to update your code if you were relying on a deepcopy. Do this by using
copy.deepcopy directly.Almost all of the database backend-level functions have been renamed and/or
relocated. None of these were documented, but you'll need to change your code
if you're using any of these functions, all of which are in django.db:
| 老版本 (0.96) | 新版本 (1.0) |
|---|---|
backend.get_autoinc_sql |
connection.ops.autoinc_sql |
backend.get_date_extract_sql |
connection.ops.date_extract_sql |
backend.get_date_trunc_sql |
connection.ops.date_trunc_sql |
backend.get_datetime_cast_sql |
connection.ops.datetime_cast_sql |
backend.get_deferrable_sql |
connection.ops.deferrable_sql |
backend.get_drop_foreignkey_sql |
connection.ops.drop_foreignkey_sql |
backend.get_fulltext_search_sql |
connection.ops.fulltext_search_sql |
backend.get_last_insert_id |
connection.ops.last_insert_id |
backend.get_limit_offset_sql |
connection.ops.limit_offset_sql |
backend.get_max_name_length |
connection.ops.max_name_length |
backend.get_pk_default_value |
connection.ops.pk_default_value |
backend.get_random_function_sql |
connection.ops.random_function_sql |
backend.get_sql_flush |
connection.ops.sql_flush |
backend.get_sql_sequence_reset |
connection.ops.sequence_reset_sql |
backend.get_start_transaction_sql |
connection.ops.start_transaction_sql |
backend.get_tablespace_sql |
connection.ops.tablespace_sql |
backend.quote_name |
connection.ops.quote_name |
backend.get_query_set_class |
connection.ops.query_set_class |
backend.get_field_cast_sql |
connection.ops.field_cast_sql |
backend.get_drop_sequence |
connection.ops.drop_sequence_sql |
backend.OPERATOR_MAPPING |
connection.operators |
backend.allows_group_by_ordinal |
connection.features.allows_group_by_ordinal |
backend.allows_unique_and_pk |
connection.features.allows_unique_and_pk |
backend.autoindexes_primary_keys |
connection.features.autoindexes_primary_keys |
backend.needs_datetime_string_cast |
connection.features.needs_datetime_string_cast |
backend.needs_upper_for_iops |
connection.features.needs_upper_for_iops |
backend.supports_constraints |
connection.features.supports_constraints |
backend.supports_tablespaces |
connection.features.supports_tablespaces |
backend.uses_case_insensitive_names |
connection.features.uses_case_insensitive_names |
backend.uses_custom_queryset |
connection.features.uses_custom_queryset |
12月 07, 2021