注解
Dedicated to Malcolm Tredinnick
On March 17, 2013, the Django project and the free software community lost a very dear friend and developer.
Malcolm was a long-time contributor to Django, a model community member, a brilliant mind, and a friend. His contributions to Django — and to many other open source projects — are nearly impossible to enumerate. Many on the core Django team had their first patches reviewed by him; his mentorship enriched us. His consideration, patience, and dedication will always be an inspiration to us.
This release of Django is for Malcolm.
-- The Django Developers
2013 年 11 月 6 日
Welcome to Django 1.6!
These release notes cover the new features, as well as some backwards incompatible changes you'll want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 1.5 or older versions. We've also dropped some features, which are detailed in our deprecation plan, and we've begun the deprecation process for some features.
Django 1.6, like Django 1.5, requires Python 2.6.5 or above. Python 3 is also officially supported. We highly recommend the latest minor release for each supported Python series (2.6.X, 2.7.X, 3.2.X, and 3.3.X).
Django 1.6 will be the final release series to support Python 2.6; beginning with Django 1.7, the minimum supported Python version will be 2.7.
Python 3.4 is not supported, but support will be added in Django 1.7.
The default templates used by startproject and startapp
have been simplified and modernized. The admin is now enabled by default in new projects; the
sites framework no longer is. clickjacking
prevention is now on and the database defaults to
SQLite.
If the default templates don't suit your tastes, you can use custom project and app templates.
Django's transaction management was overhauled. Database-level autocommit is now turned on by default. This makes transaction handling more explicit and should improve performance. The existing APIs were deprecated, and new APIs were introduced, as described in the transaction management docs.
Django now supports reusing the same database connection for several requests. This avoids the overhead of re-establishing a connection at the beginning of each request. For backwards compatibility, this feature is disabled by default. See 持久连接 for details.
Django 1.6 ships with a new test runner that allows more flexibility in the
location of tests. The previous runner
(django.test.simple.DjangoTestSuiteRunner) found tests only in the
models.py and tests.py modules of a Python package in
INSTALLED_APPS.
The new runner (django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner) uses the test discovery
features built into unittest2 (the version of unittest in the
Python 2.7+ standard library, and bundled with Django). With test discovery,
tests can be located in any module whose name matches the pattern test*.py.
In addition, the test labels provided to ./manage.py test to nominate
specific tests to run must now be full Python dotted paths (or directory
paths), rather than applabel.TestCase.test_method_name pseudo-paths. This
allows running tests located anywhere in your codebase, rather than only in
INSTALLED_APPS. For more details, see Django 中的测试.
This change is backwards-incompatible; see the backwards-incompatibility notes.
The support for time zones introduced in
Django 1.4 didn't work well with QuerySet.dates(): aggregation was always performed in
UTC. This limitation was lifted in Django 1.6. Use QuerySet.datetimes() to perform time zone aware
aggregation on a DateTimeField.
Django 1.6 adds support for savepoints in SQLite, with some limitations.
BinaryField model field¶A new django.db.models.BinaryField model field allows storage of raw
binary data in the database.
GeoDjango now provides form fields and widgets for its geo-specialized fields. They are OpenLayers-based by default, but they can be customized to use any other JS framework.
check management command added for verifying compatibility¶A check management command was added, enabling you to verify if your
current configuration (currently oriented at settings) is compatible with the
current version of Django.
Model.save() algorithm changed¶The Model.save() method now
tries to directly UPDATE the database if the instance has a primary
key value. Previously SELECT was performed to determine if UPDATE
or INSERT were needed. The new algorithm needs only one query for
updating an existing row while the old algorithm needed two. See
Model.save() for more details.
In some rare cases the database doesn't report that a matching row was
found when doing an UPDATE. An example is the PostgreSQL ON UPDATE
trigger which returns NULL. In such cases it is possible to set
django.db.models.Options.select_on_save flag to force saving to
use the old algorithm.
PermissionDenied to immediately fail
the authentication chain.HttpOnly flag can be set on the CSRF cookie with
CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY.assertQuerysetEqual() now checks
for undefined order and raises ValueError if undefined
order is spotted. The order is seen as undefined if the given QuerySet
isn't ordered and there is more than one ordered value to compare against.earliest() for symmetry with
latest().year, month and day, the ORM
now supports hour, minute and second lookups.EmailField,
URLField, IntegerField,
FloatField and DecimalField use
the new type attributes available in HTML5 (type='email', type='url',
type='number'). Note that due to erratic support of the number
input type with localized numbers in current browsers, Django only uses it
when numeric fields are not localized.number argument for lazy plural translations can be provided at translation time rather than
at definition time.BaseCommand.can_import_settings internal
option is now performed independently from handling of the locale that
should be active during the execution of the command. The latter can now be
influenced by the new
BaseCommand.leave_locale_alone internal
option. See 管理命令和本地化 for more details.success_url of
DeletionMixin is now interpolated with
its object’s __dict__.HttpResponseRedirect and
HttpResponsePermanentRedirect now provide an url
attribute (equivalent to the URL the response will redirect to).MemcachedCache cache backend now uses the latest pickle
protocol available.SuccessMessageMixin which
provides a success_message attribute for
FormView based classes.django.db.models.ForeignKey.db_constraint and
django.db.models.ManyToManyField.db_constraint options.django.contrib.syndication) can now pass extra
context through to feed templates using a new
Feed.get_context_data() callback.column-<field_name> class in the HTML
so the columns header can be styled with CSS, e.g. to set a column width.blocktrans template tag now respects
TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID for variables not present in the
context, just like other template constructs.SimpleLazyObjects will now present more helpful representations in shell
debugging situations.GeometryField is now editable
with the OpenLayers widget in the admin.diffsettings command gained a --all option.django.forms.fields.Field.__init__ now calls super(), allowing
field mixins to implement __init__() methods that will reliably be
called.validate_max parameter was added to BaseFormSet and
formset_factory(), and ModelForm and inline
versions of the same. The behavior of validation for formsets with
max_num was clarified. The previously undocumented behavior that
hardened formsets against memory exhaustion attacks was documented,
and the undocumented limit of the higher of 1000 or max_num forms
was changed so it is always 1000 more than max_num.BCryptSHA256PasswordHasher to resolve the password truncation issue
with bcrypt.ModelForm accepts several new Meta
options.localized_fields list will be localized
(by setting localize on the form field).labels, help_texts and error_messages options may be used
to customize the default fields, see
覆盖默认字段 for details.choices argument to model fields now accepts an iterable of iterables
instead of requiring an iterable of lists or tuples.reason_phrase.django.contrib.auth.views.logout(),
django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset(),
django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm(),
and django.contrib.auth.views.password_change(), you can now pass
URL names and they will be resolved.dumpdata --pks option specifies the primary keys of objects
to dump. This option can only be used with one model.QuerySet methods first()
and last() which are convenience
methods returning the first or last object matching the filters. Returns
None if there are no objects matching.View and
RedirectView now support HTTP PATCH
method.GenericForeignKey now takes an optional for_concrete_model argument,
which when set to False allows the field to reference proxy models. The
default is True to retain the old behavior.LocaleMiddleware now stores the active
language in session if it is not present there. This prevents loss of
language settings after session flush, e.g. logout.SuspiciousOperation has been differentiated
into a number of subclasses, and each will log to a matching named logger
under the django.security logging hierarchy. Along with this change,
a handler400 mechanism and default view are used whenever
a SuspiciousOperation reaches the WSGI handler to return an
HttpResponseBadRequest.DoesNotExist exception now includes a
message indicating the name of the attribute used for the lookup.get_or_create() method no longer
requires at least one keyword argument.SimpleTestCase class includes a new assertion
helper for testing formset errors:
assertFormsetError().QuerySet by
select_related() can be cleared using
select_related(None).get_extra() and
get_max_num() methods on
InlineModelAdmin may be overridden to
customize the extra and maximum number of inline forms.total_error_count() method.ModelForm fields can now override error messages
defined in model fields by using the
error_messages argument of a Field’s
constructor. To take advantage of this new feature with your custom fields,
see the updated recommendation for raising
a ValidationError.ModelAdmin now preserves filters on the list view
after creating, editing or deleting an object. It's possible to restore the previous
behavior of clearing filters by setting the
preserve_filters attribute to False.FormMixin.get_prefix
(which returns
FormMixin.prefix by
default) to allow customizing the prefix of the
form.Manager.raw() or cursor.execute()) can now use the
"pyformat" parameter style, where placeholders in the query are given as
'%(name)s' and the parameters are passed as a dictionary rather than
a list (except on SQLite). This has long been possible (but not officially
supported) on MySQL and PostgreSQL, and is now also available on Oracle.django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2PasswordHasher to change the
default value. Passwords will be upgraded to use
the new iteration count as necessary.警告
In addition to the changes outlined in this section, be sure to review the deprecation plan for any features that have been removed. If you haven't updated your code within the deprecation timeline for a given feature, its removal may appear as a backwards incompatible change.
Database-level autocommit is enabled by default in Django 1.6. While this doesn't change the general spirit of Django's transaction management, there are a few backwards-incompatibilities.
assertNumQueries¶The changes in transaction management may result in additional statements to create, release or rollback savepoints. This is more likely to happen with SQLite, since it didn't support savepoints until this release.
If tests using assertNumQueries() fail
because of a higher number of queries than expected, check that the extra
queries are related to savepoints, and adjust the expected number of queries
accordingly.
In previous versions, database-level autocommit was only an option for PostgreSQL, and it was disabled by default. This option is now ignored and can be removed.
In order to maintain greater consistency with Python's unittest module, the
new test runner (django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner) does not automatically
support some types of tests that were supported by the previous runner:
models.py and tests/__init__.py files will no longer be
found and run. Move them to a file whose name begins with test.Django bundles a modified version of the doctest module from the Python
standard library (in django.test._doctest) and includes some additional
doctest utilities. These utilities are deprecated and will be removed in Django
1.8; doctest suites should be updated to work with the standard library's
doctest module (or converted to unittest-compatible tests).
If you wish to delay updates to your test suite, you can set your
TEST_RUNNER setting to django.test.simple.DjangoTestSuiteRunner
to fully restore the old test behavior. DjangoTestSuiteRunner is deprecated
but will not be removed from Django until version 1.8.
django.contrib.gis.tests.GeoDjangoTestSuiteRunner GeoDjango custom test runner¶This is for developers working on the GeoDjango application itself and related to the item above about changes in the test runners:
The django.contrib.gis.tests.GeoDjangoTestSuiteRunner test runner has been
removed and the standalone GeoDjango tests execution setup it implemented isn't
supported anymore. To run the GeoDjango tests simply use the new
DiscoverRunner and specify the django.contrib.gis app.
The introduction of the new test runner has also slightly changed the way that
test models are imported. As a result, any test that overrides AUTH_USER_MODEL
to test behavior with one of Django's test user models (
django.contrib.auth.tests.custom_user.CustomUser and
django.contrib.auth.tests.custom_user.ExtensionUser) must now
explicitly import the User model in your test module:
from django.contrib.auth.tests.custom_user import CustomUser
@override_settings(AUTH_USER_MODEL='auth.CustomUser')
class CustomUserFeatureTests(TestCase):
def test_something(self):
# Test code here ...
This import forces the custom user model to be registered. Without this import, the test will be unable to swap in the custom user model, and you will get an error reporting:
ImproperlyConfigured: AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model 'auth.CustomUser' that has not been installed
day, month, and week_day lookups¶Django 1.6 introduces time zone support for day, month,
and week_day lookups when USE_TZ is True. These
lookups were previously performed in UTC regardless of the current time zone.
This requires time zone definitions in the database. If you're using SQLite, you must install pytz. If you're using MySQL, you must install pytz and load the time zone tables with mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.
QuerySet.datetimes()¶When the time zone support added in Django 1.4
was active, QuerySet.dates()
lookups returned unexpected results, because the aggregation was performed in
UTC. To fix this, Django 1.6 introduces a new API, QuerySet.datetimes(). This requires a few changes in
your code.
QuerySet.dates() returns date objects¶QuerySet.dates() now returns a
list of date. It used to return a list of
datetime.
QuerySet.datetimes()
returns a list of datetime.
QuerySet.dates() no longer usable on DateTimeField¶QuerySet.dates() raises an
error if it's used on DateTimeField when time
zone support is active. Use QuerySet.datetimes() instead.
date_hierarchy requires time zone definitions¶The date_hierarchy feature of the
admin now relies on QuerySet.datetimes() when it's used on a
DateTimeField.
This requires time zone definitions in the database when USE_TZ is
True. Learn more.
date_list in generic views requires time zone definitions¶For the same reason, accessing date_list in the context of a date-based
generic view requires time zone definitions in the database when the view is
based on a DateTimeField and USE_TZ is
True. Learn more.
Django 1.6 introduces hour, minute, and second lookups on
DateTimeField. If you had model fields called
hour, minute, or second, the new lookups will clash with you field
names. Append an explicit exact lookup if this is an issue.
BooleanField no longer defaults to False¶When a BooleanField doesn't have an explicit
default, the implicit default value is
None. In previous version of Django, it was False, but that didn't
represent accurately the lack of a value.
Code that relies on the default value being False may raise an exception
when saving new model instances to the database, because None isn't an
acceptable value for a BooleanField. You should
either specify default=False in the field definition, or ensure the field
is set to True or False before saving the object.
Extraction of translatable literals from templates with the
makemessages command now correctly detects i18n constructs when
they are located after a {# / #}-type comment on the same line. E.g.:
{# A comment #}{% trans "This literal was incorrectly ignored. Not anymore" %}
模板内对翻译的注释 specified using {# / #} need to
be at the end of a line. If they are not, the comments are ignored and
makemessages will generate a warning. For example:
{# Translators: This is ignored #}{% trans "Translate me" %}
{{ title }}{# Translators: Extracted and associated with 'Welcome' below #}
<h1>{% trans "Welcome" %}</h1>
reverse()¶When reversing URLs, Django didn't apply django.utils.http.urlquote
to arguments before interpolating them in URL patterns. This bug is fixed in
Django 1.6. If you worked around this bug by applying URL quoting before
passing arguments to reverse(), this may result in double-quoting. If this
happens, simply remove the URL quoting from your code. You will also have to
replace special characters in URLs used in
assertRedirects() with their encoded
versions.
The comments app now uses a
GenericIPAddressField for storing commenters' IP addresses, to support
comments submitted from IPv6 addresses. Until now, it stored them in an
IPAddressField, which is only meant to support IPv4. When saving a comment
made from an IPv6 address, the address would be silently truncated on MySQL
databases, and raise an exception on Oracle. You will need to change the
column type in your database to benefit from this change.
For MySQL, execute this query on your project's database:
ALTER TABLE django_comments MODIFY ip_address VARCHAR(39);
For Oracle, execute this query:
ALTER TABLE DJANGO_COMMENTS MODIFY (ip_address VARCHAR2(39));
If you do not apply this change, the behavior is unchanged: on MySQL, IPv6 addresses are silently truncated; on Oracle, an exception is generated. No database change is needed for SQLite or PostgreSQL databases.
cursor.execute queries¶When you are running raw SQL queries through the
cursor.execute method, the rule about doubling
percent literals (%) inside the query has been unified. Past behavior
depended on the database backend. Now, across all backends, you only need to
double literal percent characters if you are also providing replacement
parameters. For example:
# No parameters, no percent doubling
cursor.execute("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = '30%'")
# Parameters passed, non-placeholders have to be doubled
cursor.execute("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = '30%%' and id = %s", [self.id])
SQLite users need to check and update such queries.
HTML rendering of model form fields corresponding to
ManyToManyField model fields used to get the
hard-coded sentence:
Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.
(or its translation to the active locale) imposed as the help legend shown along
them if neither model nor form help_text attributes were specified by the
user (or this string was appended to any help_text that was provided).
Since this happened at the model layer, there was no way to prevent the text from appearing in cases where it wasn't applicable such as form fields that implement user interactions that don't involve a keyboard and/or a mouse.
Starting with Django 1.6, as an ad-hoc temporary backward-compatibility
provision, the logic to add the "Hold down..." sentence has been moved to the
model form field layer and modified to add the text only when the associated
widget is SelectMultiple or selected subclasses.
The change can affect you in a backward incompatible way if you employ custom
model form fields and/or widgets for ManyToManyField model fields whose UIs
do rely on the automatic provision of the mentioned hard-coded sentence. These
form field implementations need to adapt to the new scenario by providing their
own handling of the help_text attribute.
Applications that use Django model form facilities together with Django built-in form fields and widgets aren't affected but need to be aware of what's described in Munging of help text of model form fields for ManyToManyField fields below.
The QuerySet iteration was changed to immediately convert all fetched
rows to Model objects. In Django 1.5 and earlier the fetched rows were
converted to Model objects in chunks of 100.
Existing code will work, but the amount of rows converted to objects
might change in certain use cases. Such usages include partially looping
over a queryset or any usage which ends up doing __bool__ or
__contains__.
Notably most database backends did fetch all the rows in one go already in 1.5.
It is still possible to convert the fetched rows to Model objects
lazily by using the iterator()
method.
BoundField.label_tag now includes the form's label_suffix¶This is consistent with how methods like
Form.as_p and
Form.as_ul render labels.
If you manually render label_tag in your templates:
{{ form.my_field.label_tag }}: {{ form.my_field }}
you'll want to remove the colon (or whatever other separator you may be
using) to avoid duplicating it when upgrading to Django 1.6. The following
template in Django 1.6 will render identically to the above template in Django
1.5, except that the colon will appear inside the <label> element.
{{ form.my_field.label_tag }} {{ form.my_field }}
will render something like:
<label for="id_my_field">My Field:</label> <input id="id_my_field" type="text" name="my_field" />
If you want to keep the current behavior of rendering label_tag without
the label_suffix, instantiate the form label_suffix=''. You can also
customize the label_suffix on a per-field basis using the new
label_suffix parameter on label_tag().
_changelist_filters GET parameter¶To achieve preserving and restoring list view filters, admin views now
pass around the _changelist_filters GET parameter. It's important that you
account for that change if you have custom admin templates or if your tests
rely on the previous URLs. If you want to revert to the original behavior you
can set the
preserve_filters attribute to False.
django.contrib.auth password reset uses base 64 encoding of User PK¶Past versions of Django used base 36 encoding of the User primary key in
the password reset views and URLs
(django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm()). Base 36 encoding is
sufficient if the user primary key is an integer, however, with the
introduction of custom user models in Django 1.5, that assumption may no longer
be true.
django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm() has been modified to
take a uidb64 parameter instead of uidb36. If you are reversing this
view, for example in a custom password_reset_email.html template, be sure
to update your code.
A temporary shim for django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm()
that will allow password reset links generated prior to Django 1.6 to continue
to work has been added to provide backwards compatibility; this will be removed
in Django 1.7. Thus, as long as your site has been running Django 1.6 for more
than PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS, this change will have no effect.
If not (for example, if you upgrade directly from Django 1.5 to Django 1.7),
then any password reset links generated before you upgrade to Django 1.7 or
later won't work after the upgrade.
In addition, if you have any custom password reset URLs, you will need to
update them by replacing uidb36 with uidb64 and the dash that follows
that pattern with a slash. Also add _\- to the list of characters that may
match the uidb64 pattern.
例子：
url(r'^reset/(?P<uidb36>[0-9A-Za-z]+)-(?P<token>.+)/$',
'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm',
name='password_reset_confirm'),
becomes:
url(r'^reset/(?P<uidb64>[0-9A-Za-z_\-]+)/(?P<token>.+)/$',
'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm',
name='password_reset_confirm'),
You may also want to add the shim to support the old style reset links. Using
the example above, you would modify the existing url by replacing
django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm with
django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm_uidb36 and also remove
the name argument so it doesn't conflict with the new url:
url(r'^reset/(?P<uidb36>[0-9A-Za-z]+)-(?P<token>.+)/$',
'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_confirm_uidb36'),
You can remove this URL pattern after your app has been deployed with Django
1.6 for PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS.
Historically, django.contrib.sessions used pickle to serialize
session data before storing it in the backend. If you're using the signed
cookie session backend and SECRET_KEY is
known by an attacker (there isn't an inherent vulnerability in Django that
would cause it to leak), the attacker could insert a string into their session
which, when unpickled, executes arbitrary code on the server. The technique for
doing so is simple and easily available on the internet. Although the cookie
session storage signs the cookie-stored data to prevent tampering, a
SECRET_KEY leak immediately escalates to a remote code execution
vulnerability.
This attack can be mitigated by serializing session data using JSON rather
than pickle. To facilitate this, Django 1.5.3 introduced a new setting,
SESSION_SERIALIZER, to customize the session serialization format.
For backwards compatibility, this setting defaulted to using pickle
in Django 1.5.3, but we've changed the default to JSON in 1.6. If you upgrade
and switch from pickle to JSON, sessions created before the upgrade will be
lost. While JSON serialization does not support all Python objects like
pickle does, we highly recommend using JSON-serialized sessions. Be
aware of the following when checking your code to determine if JSON
serialization will work for your application:
request.session.datetime values to
set_expiry() will
not work as datetime values are not serializable in JSON. You can use
integer values instead.See the 会话序列化 documentation for more details.
Django 1.6 contains many changes to the ORM. These changes fall mostly in three categories:
These changes can result in some compatibility problems. For example, some
queries will now generate different table aliases. This can affect
QuerySet.extra(). In addition
some queries will now produce different results. An example is
exclude(condition)
where the condition is a complex one (referencing multijoins inside
Q objects). In many cases the affected
queries didn't produce correct results in Django 1.5 but do now.
Unfortunately there are also cases that produce different results, but
neither Django 1.5 nor 1.6 produce correct results.
Finally, there have been many changes to the ORM internal APIs.
The django.db.models.query.EmptyQuerySet can't be instantiated any more -
it is only usable as a marker class for checking if
none() has been called:
isinstance(qs.none(), EmptyQuerySet)
If your CSS/JavaScript code used to access HTML input widgets by type, you
should review it as type='text' widgets might be now output as
type='email', type='url' or type='number' depending on their
corresponding field type.
Form field's error_messages that contain a
placeholder should now always use a named placeholder ("Value '%(value)s' is
too big" instead of "Value '%s' is too big"). See the corresponding
field documentation for details about the names of the placeholders. The
changes in 1.6 particularly affect DecimalField and
ModelMultipleChoiceField.
Some error_messages for
IntegerField, EmailField,
IPAddressField, GenericIPAddressField, and
SlugField have been suppressed because they
duplicated error messages already provided by validators tied to the fields.
Due to a change in the form validation workflow,
TypedChoiceField coerce method should always
return a value present in the choices field attribute. That limitation
should be lift again in Django 1.7.
There have been changes in the way timeouts are handled in cache backends.
Explicitly passing in timeout=None no longer results in using the
default timeout. It will now set a non-expiring timeout. Passing 0 into the
memcache backend no longer uses the default timeout, and now will
set-and-expire-immediately the value.
The django.contrib.flatpages app used to set custom HTTP headers for
debugging purposes. This functionality was not documented and made caching
ineffective so it has been removed, along with its generic implementation,
previously available in django.core.xheaders.
The XViewMiddleware has been moved from django.middleware.doc to
django.contrib.admindocs.middleware because it is an implementation
detail of admindocs, proven not to be reusable in general.
GenericIPAddressField will now only allow
blank values if null values are also allowed. Creating a
GenericIPAddressField where blank is allowed but null is not
will trigger a model validation error because blank values are always
stored as null. Previously, storing a blank value in a field which
did not allow null would cause a database exception at runtime.
If a NoReverseMatch exception is raised from a method when rendering a
template, it is not silenced. For example, {{ obj.view_href }} will
cause template rendering to fail if view_href() raises
NoReverseMatch. There is no change to the {% url %} tag, it
causes template rendering to fail like always when NoReverseMatch is
raised.
django.test.Client.logout() now calls
django.contrib.auth.logout() which will send the
user_logged_out() signal.
Authentication views are now reversed by name,
not their locations in django.contrib.auth.views. If you are using the
views without a name, you should update your urlpatterns to use
django.conf.urls.url() with the name parameter. For example:
(r'^reset/done/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_complete')
becomes:
url(r'^reset/done/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.password_reset_complete', name='password_reset_complete')
RedirectView now has a pattern_name
attribute which allows it to choose the target by reversing the URL.
In Django 1.4 and 1.5, a blank string was unintentionally not considered to
be a valid password. This meant
set_password() would save a blank
password as an unusable password like
set_unusable_password() does, and
thus check_password() always
returned False for blank passwords. This has been corrected in this
release: blank passwords are now valid.
The admin changelist_view previously
accepted a pop GET parameter to signify it was to be displayed in a popup.
This parameter has been renamed to _popup to be consistent with the rest
of the admin views. You should update your custom templates if they use the
previous parameter name.
validate_email() now accepts email addresses
with localhost as the domain.
The new makemessages --keep-pot option prevents deleting the
temporary .pot file generated before creating the .po file.
The undocumented django.core.servers.basehttp.WSGIServerException has
been removed. Use socket.error provided by the standard library instead.
This change was also released in Django 1.5.5.
The signature of django.views.generic.base.RedirectView.get_redirect_url()
has changed and now accepts positional arguments as well (*args, **kwargs).
Any unnamed captured group will now be passed to get_redirect_url()
which may result in a TypeError if you don't update the signature of your
custom method.
Transaction management was completely overhauled in Django 1.6, and the current APIs are deprecated:
django.middleware.transaction.TransactionMiddlewaredjango.db.transaction.autocommitdjango.db.transaction.commit_on_successdjango.db.transaction.commit_manuallyTRANSACTIONS_MANAGED settingdjango.contrib.comments¶Django's comment framework has been deprecated and is no longer supported. It will be available in Django 1.6 and 1.7, and removed in Django 1.8. Most users will be better served with a custom solution, or a hosted product like Disqus.
The code formerly known as django.contrib.comments is still available
in an external repository.
The end of upstream support periods was reached in December 2011 for PostgreSQL 8.2 and in February 2013 for 8.3. As a consequence, Django 1.6 sets 8.4 as the minimum PostgreSQL version it officially supports.
You're strongly encouraged to use the most recent version of PostgreSQL available, because of performance improvements and to take advantage of the native streaming replication available in PostgreSQL 9.x.
cycle and firstof¶The template system generally escapes all variables to avoid XSS attacks.
However, due to an accident of history, the cycle and firstof
tags render their arguments as-is.
Django 1.6 starts a process to correct this inconsistency. The future
template library provides alternate implementations of cycle and
firstof that autoescape their inputs. If you're using these tags,
you're encouraged to include the following line at the top of your templates to
enable the new behavior:
{% load cycle from future %}
或者：
{% load firstof from future %}
The tags implementing the old behavior have been deprecated, and in Django
1.8, the old behavior will be replaced with the new behavior. To ensure
compatibility with future versions of Django, existing templates should be
modified to use the future versions.
If necessary, you can temporarily disable auto-escaping with
mark_safe() or {% autoescape off %}.
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ANONYMOUS_ONLY setting¶CacheMiddleware and UpdateCacheMiddleware used to provide a way to
cache requests only if they weren't made by a logged-in user. This mechanism
was largely ineffective because the middleware correctly takes into account the
Vary: Cookie HTTP header, and this header is being set on a variety of
occasions, such as:
This makes the cache effectively work on a per-session basis regardless of the
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ANONYMOUS_ONLY setting.
SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS setting¶CommonMiddleware used to provide basic
reporting of broken links by email when SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS is set to
True.
Because of intractable ordering problems between
CommonMiddleware and
LocaleMiddleware, this feature was split
out into a new middleware:
BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware.
If you're relying on this feature, you should add
'django.middleware.common.BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware' to your
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES setting and remove SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS
from your settings.
_has_changed method on widgets¶If you defined your own form widgets and defined the _has_changed method
on a widget, you should now define this method on the form field itself.
module_name model _meta attribute¶Model._meta.module_name was renamed to model_name. Despite being a
private API, it will go through a regular deprecation path.
get_(add|change|delete)_permission model _meta methods¶Model._meta.get_(add|change|delete)_permission methods were deprecated.
Even if they were not part of the public API they'll also go through
a regular deprecation path. You can replace them with
django.contrib.auth.get_permission_codename('action', Model._meta) where
'action' is 'add', 'change', or 'delete'.
get_query_set and similar methods renamed to get_queryset¶Methods that return a QuerySet such as Manager.get_query_set or
ModelAdmin.queryset have been renamed to get_queryset.
If you are writing a library that implements, for example, a
Manager.get_query_set method, and you need to support old Django versions,
you should rename the method and conditionally add an alias with the old name:
class CustomManager(models.Manager):
def get_queryset(self):
pass # ...
if django.VERSION < (1, 6):
get_query_set = get_queryset
# For Django >= 1.6, models.Manager provides a get_query_set fallback
# that emits a warning when used.
If you are writing a library that needs to call the get_queryset method and
must support old Django versions, you should write:
get_queryset = (some_manager.get_query_set
if hasattr(some_manager, 'get_query_set')
else some_manager.get_queryset)
return get_queryset() # etc
In the general case of a custom manager that both implements its own
get_queryset method and calls that method, and needs to work with older Django
versions, and libraries that have not been updated yet, it is useful to define
a get_queryset_compat method as below and use it internally to your manager:
class YourCustomManager(models.Manager):
def get_queryset(self):
return YourCustomQuerySet() # for example
if django.VERSION < (1, 6):
get_query_set = get_queryset
def active(self): # for example
return self.get_queryset_compat().filter(active=True)
def get_queryset_compat(self):
get_queryset = (self.get_query_set
if hasattr(self, 'get_query_set')
else self.get_queryset)
return get_queryset()
This helps to minimize the changes that are needed, but also works correctly in
the case of subclasses (such as RelatedManagers from Django 1.5) which might
override either get_query_set or get_queryset.
shortcut view and URLconf¶The shortcut view was moved from django.views.defaults to
django.contrib.contenttypes.views shortly after the 1.0 release, but the
old location was never deprecated. This oversight was corrected in Django 1.6
and you should now use the new location.
The URLconf django.conf.urls.shortcut was also deprecated. If you're
including it in an URLconf, simply replace:
(r'^prefix/', include('django.conf.urls.shortcut')),
with:
(r'^prefix/(?P<content_type_id>\d+)/(?P<object_id>.*)/$', 'django.contrib.contenttypes.views.shortcut'),
ModelForm without fields or exclude¶Previously, if you wanted a ModelForm to use all fields on
the model, you could simply omit the Meta.fields attribute, and all fields
would be used.
This can lead to security problems where fields are added to the model and, unintentionally, automatically become editable by end users. In some cases, particular with boolean fields, it is possible for this problem to be completely invisible. This is a form of Mass assignment vulnerability.
For this reason, this behavior is deprecated, and using the Meta.exclude
option is strongly discouraged. Instead, all fields that are intended for
inclusion in the form should be listed explicitly in the fields attribute.
If this security concern really does not apply in your case, there is a shortcut
to explicitly indicate that all fields should be used - use the special value
"__all__" for the fields attribute:
class MyModelForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
fields = "__all__"
model = MyModel
If you have custom ModelForms that only need to be used in the admin, there
is another option. The admin has its own methods for defining fields
(fieldsets etc.), and so adding a list of fields to the ModelForm is
redundant. Instead, simply omit the Meta inner class of the ModelForm,
or omit the Meta.model attribute. Since the ModelAdmin subclass knows
which model it is for, it can add the necessary attributes to derive a
functioning ModelForm. This behavior also works for earlier Django
versions.
UpdateView and CreateView without explicit fields¶The generic views CreateView and
UpdateView, and anything else derived from
ModelFormMixin, are vulnerable to the
security problem described in the section above, because they can automatically
create a ModelForm that uses all fields for a model.
For this reason, if you use these views for editing models, you must also supply
the fields attribute (new in Django 1.6), which is a list of model fields
and works in the same way as the ModelForm
Meta.fields attribute. Alternatively, you can set the form_class
attribute to a ModelForm that explicitly defines the fields to be used.
Defining an UpdateView or CreateView subclass to be used with a model
but without an explicit list of fields is deprecated.
ManyToManyField fields¶All special handling of the help_text attribute of ManyToManyField model
fields performed by standard model or model form fields as described in
Help text of model form fields for ManyToManyField fields above is deprecated and will be removed in Django 1.8.
Help text of these fields will need to be handled either by applications, custom form fields or widgets, just like happens with the rest of the model field types.
12月 07, 2021